客家音樂應用之二胡協奏曲—以黎俊平《日光山影》為例

Abstract

近年來，客家音樂元素（例如：老山歌、山歌仔、平板、小調⋯⋯等）持續的被臺灣作曲家以不同主題及手法應用在不同形式的樂曲上，除了各類大型國樂團曲目外，也有一些絲竹、重奏等的創作，其中更有一部分是為二胡譜寫的作品，如：朱雲嵩的《油紙傘下的回憶》（2006）、鄭光智的《油桐花下》（2012）、黎俊平的《日光山影》（2018）以及何立仁的《客風弦韻》（2020），這些作品的曲式及音樂素材皆不相同，儘管都是由二胡擔任主奏樂器的客家風格樂曲，但表現出來的情感、畫面都有著各自強烈的特色，有些柔美、有些趣味、也有些堅毅。本次研究論文主要探討臺灣作曲家黎俊平所創作具有客家風格的二胡協奏曲：《日光山影》，整理、分析其中所使用客家元素的段落、聲部、類型及手法並交互比對，透過上述整理分析及比對，可以發現在客家眾多音樂元素的基礎上，黎俊平選擇了「平板」這個素材為主要動機，並使用「山歌子」及「採茶歌」作為次要動機，在平板悠揚的曲調中穿插多變的拍號作為點綴進而發展出整首作品。除了了解了客家音樂元素在《日光山影》中所使用的種類及方式，也能了解客家文化在臺灣國樂中被希冀的傳承、應用及發展。Since 2000, Hakka music elements, such as folk songs, Lao-shan-ge, Shan-ge-zhi, Ping-ban, Xiao-diao, etc., have been continuously applied by Taiwanese composers to different forms of music with different themes and composition techniques. In addition to various repertoire of large-organization Chinese orchestra, there are also some ensembles of traditional stringed and woodwind instruments, some of which are for the erhu. The works such as"Memories Under the Oil-paper Umbrella" (2006) by Zhu Yun-Song etc.. In recent ten years, "Under the Tung Blossom" (2012) by Zheng Guang-Zhi, "The Mountain in the Sunlight" (2018) by Lee Chun-Ping and "Ke-Feng-Xian-Yun" (2020) by He Li-Ren. The musical forms and musical materials of these works are different, even they are all Hakka style with the erhu as the lead instrument. Although the music is beautiful, the emotions and pictures express their own strong characteristics. Some are soft, someare interesting, and some are persevering.This research paper mainly discusses the Erhu Concerto,"Sunlight Mountain Shadow", which is composed by Taiwanese composer, Lee Chun-Ping, with Hakka style. It organizes, analyzes and compares the Hakka elements used in the paragraphs, parts, types and techniques. In the end, it sorts out analysis and comparison. We can find that on the basis of many Hakka music elements, Lee Chun-Ping chose the element "Ping-ban" as the main motive, and used " Shan-ge-zhi " and "Cai-cha-ge" as secondary motives. He interspersed the melodious tune of "Ping-ban" withchanging time signatures as embellishments to develop the entire piece. In addition to realizing the types and methods of Hakka music elements used in"Sunlight Mountain Shadow", you can also study the expected inheritance, application and development of Hakka culture in Taiwanese traditional music.