諮商心理師工作壓力、接受諮商經驗與諮商自我效能之調查研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討諮商心理師工作壓力、接受諮商經驗與諮商自我效能的現況以及三者之間的關係，並探究不同性別、年齡、諮商工作年資、受雇型態和理論取向之諮商心理師在工作壓力、接受諮商經驗的差異情形，且更進一步探討工作壓力和接受諮商經驗對諮商自我效能的預測情形。本研究以問卷調查法進行資料收集，研究對象為至2014年底取得諮商心理師證書，並且實際從事諮商工作之諮商心理師。本研究獲得297位有效樣本，並分別以描述統計、t檢定、F檢定、共變數分析、曼–惠特尼U考驗、克-瓦單因子等級變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關與逐步迴歸分析統計方法進行資料處理。本研究結果發現：不同性別、年齡、諮商工作年資、受雇型態之諮商心理師的工作壓力有所差異；不同性別、年齡、諮商工作年資、受雇型態和理論取向在接受諮商歷程數、接受諮商總時數和整體諮商滿意度沒有顯著的差異；不同性別、年齡、諮商工作年資、受雇型態之諮商心理師在諮商自我效能上有顯著差異，但不同理論取向之諮商心理師在諮商自我效能上沒有差異。諮商心理師的工作壓力與諮商自我效呈現負相關，諮商心理師的工作壓力、接受諮商經驗對整體諮商自我效聯合預測力達34%。最後根據研究結果，說明研究限制並提出建議予諮商心理師、工作機構和培訓單位與後續研究做為參考。

The purpose of this study was to explore the work stress, experience of personal counseling and counseling self-efficacy of counseling psychologists and also the correlation of these three variables. The analysis of differences across various demographic variables and the prediction of counseling self-efficacy by work stress and experience of personal counseling were further conducted. This study used questionnaires as tools. The participants in the study were licensed counseling psychologists who practice in Taiwan. A totol of 297 valid questionnaires were analyzed by using description statistics, T-test, F-test, analysis of covariance, nonparametric statistical test, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple linear regression methods. The result of this study demonstrates that counseling psychologists’ work stress is significantly differed by gender, age, counseling work experience and employment status, but no difference is showed in received counseling sessions, received counseling hours and counseling satisfaction. The result also shows that gender, age, counseling work experience, employment status make a significant difference in counseling self-efficacy. There is a negative correlation between work stress and counseling self-efficacy. Furthermore, work stress, experience of personal counseling can predict counseling self-efficacy of the counseling psychologists and account for 34% variance. Finally, suggestions are made for counseling psychologists, counseling work sites, counselor educators and for future research.