斯多葛主義測量量表的發展

Abstract

從過去的研究中我們可以知道關於幸福(Well-being)有許多種解釋，而其中有一說法是幸福是可以被分為Hedonia (享樂式)以及Eudaimonia (幸福式)。其中Eudaimonia在近幾年的研究中，許多學者紛紛提出相關的研究內容。哲學思想在古希臘時代是具有一定討論的地位，而當時所盛行的斯多葛主義也是具有討論度的，而在大約快3000年後的現在，其實也有許多學者在討論此學派。本研究發現斯多葛主義主要探討的內容與Eudaimonia有一定相同的概念，故本研究的目的在於，透過量表的發展來對斯多葛主義進行衡量。由於先前關於斯多葛主義的研究主要是在探討其歷史脈絡及針對古希臘時代所討論的內容，故本研究首先透過資料的蒐集及專家訪談，再依據討論的結果作為量表發展的依據，接著將題項整理出構面，將量表透過網路問卷發放，共分為兩次問卷發放。研究一為針對斯多葛主義進行資料蒐集及專家訪談，再根據其結果製作量表初稿，發放問卷以對量表的構面進行確認，以及構面下的題項。研究二根據研究一的結果納入關於斯多葛主義的整體題項對問卷一所確認的題項進行二階因素分析，以及使用效標關聯效度來建立量表的信度與效度。本研究發展關於斯多葛主義的量表，主量表共計22題，並將此量表分為8個子構面(簡約、意義、命定、道德、冷靜、公平、約束及自然律)，各構面下均有數題可以做為子量表使用。From past research, we can know that there are many explanations for well-being, and one of them is that happiness can be divided into Hedonia and Eudaimonia. Among them, in the research of Eudaimonia in recent years, many scholars have put forward relevant research content. Philosophical thought had a certain level of discussion in the ancient Greek era, and the prevailing Stoicism at that time was also discussed, and now, almost 3,000 years later, there are actually many scholars discussing this school. This study found that the main content of Stoicism and Eudaimonia have certain similar concepts, so the purpose of this study is to measure Stoicism through the development of scales. Since the previous research on Stoicism mainly discussed its historical context and the content discussed in the ancient Greek era, this study firstly collected data and interviewed experts, and then used the results of the discussion as the basis for the development of the scale. Then, the items were sorted into dimensions, and the scales were distributed through online questionnaires, which were divided into two questionnaires.The first study is to collect data and interview experts for Stoicism, and then make a first draft of the scale according to the results, and issue a questionnaire to confirm the dimensions of the scale and the items under the dimensions. In Study 2, based on the results of Study 1, the overall items on Stoicism were included in the second-order factor analysis of the items confirmed in Study 1, and the reliability and validity of the scale were established using criterion-related validity.This study develops a scale on Stoicism and divides the scale into 8 sub-dimensions (simplicity, meaning, fatalism, morality, sober, fairness, restraint, and natural law).