打工度假經驗與生涯調適之紮根研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探究打工度假參與者透過打工度假經驗中，所呈現的生涯調適樣貌。研究者採用立意取樣的方式，以十二位曾經至國外打工度假為期六個月以上，且在出國前已經有工作經驗者為研究對象。進行個別深度訪談，所得資料以紮根理論進行資料分析，經過開放編碼、主軸編碼以及選擇性編碼的程序，歸結出打工度假者的生涯調適經驗，包括（1）調適前的狀態；（2）生命中的變動；（3）調適策略與方法；以及（4）調適後的狀態四個面向。 首先，在調適前的狀態包含研究參與者對工作忙碌感到疲憊或不滿意，以及其他動機，例如體驗不同生活、語言學習、開拓視野、旅遊、自我成長等。第二面向，亦即生命中的變動包含對變動的看法、過程中面對不熟悉事務的因應、如何為轉換做準備。第三，在調適策略與方法包含研究參與者相信自己的能力、從經驗中增加信心、過程中和人的互動與合作，例如從他人給予協助、互相分享與合作、人際關係經營等。最後，在調適後的狀態包含在未來方向更了解自己的期待、對未來有規劃等。在工作與生活方面，能取得工作與生活間平衡、發展新興趣、不侷限自己等內涵。 整體而言，打工度假經驗可被視為研究參與者面對生涯困境的一種調適方式，然而在這種調適歷程中，研究參與者仍需對打工度假歷程中所面對的變動與挑戰進行調適，才能適應這種外在環境的變動。打工度假經驗對研究參與者的生涯調適是持續變動的歷程，在過程中研究參與者運用其自身的內外在資源之調適經驗，與這段調適經驗所帶來的影響，有機會延續到研究參與者體驗打工度假結束，進而繼續影響研究參與者看待生活、工作的眼光。The purpose of this study was to inquiry the career adaptation process of working holiday participants from their holiday working experience. The researcher used purposive sampling to select twelve participants with working experience before going abroad and working holiday experience for more than six months. In-depth interview was used to collect data from participant. The researcher analyzed the interview verbatim by using grounded theory, and the steps include open coding, axial coding and selective coding. This study concluded that working holiday participants’ career adaptation process includes four aspects: pre-adaptation stage, changes in life, adaptation strategies and methods and post-adaptation stage. First, during the pre-adaptation stage, the participants may experience tiredness or dissatisfication with the busy work, as well as other motivations, such as desire to experience different life, language learning, expanding horizons, traveling, self-growth, and so on. Second, changes in life include the viewpoint toward change, the process of coping response to the unfamiliar affairs, and the preparation for the change. Third, adaptation strategies and methods include how participants believe in their ability, how they increased confidence through human interaction process, such as, providing help to others, sharing and cooperating with other people, and building interpersonal relationship. Finally, during the post-adaptation stage, the participants know more about their own expectations, their planning for the future, and so on. Also, they can get the balance between work and life, develop new interests, and not limited themselves. In general, the experience of working holiday can be seen as a way to adjust the participant's career dilemma. However, in this process of adaptation, the participants still need to adapt to the changes and challenges they faced in the environment. The experience of working holiday is the process of continuous change in the participants' life. During the process, the participants learned how to use their own internal and external resource for adaptation, and the impact of this adaptation experience will influence how the participants view and plan for their life and job, continuously.